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TENNESSEE WARBLER  Leiothlypis (Oreothlypis) peregrina 11–12cm. Winter

migrant to varied forest and woodland habitats, especially foothill forest, shade

coffee plantations. Mostly in canopy, often in small flocks at flowering trees.

Face can stain pink from pollen. Note sharp bill, dark eyestripe, whitish under­

tail coverts. Fall/winter birds bright greenish above, washed yellow on breast,

often have narrow pale wingbar, adult male crown grayish, tinged olive; spring

adults whiter below, adult male crown blue-gray. SOUNDS: Sharp, high, slightly

smacking chik. STATUS: Fairly common to common Oct–Apr on both slopes,

especially foothills; more widespread in migration, mid-Sep to Nov, Apr–early

May. (Breeds n. N America, winters Mexico to nw. S America.)

BLACK-AND-WHITE WARBLER  Mniotilta varia 11.5–12.5cm. Winter

migrant to varied woodland and forest habitats, from mangroves to highland

oak forest. Creeps along trunks and branches like a nuthatch; joins mixed

flocks. Behavior distinctive, plus boldly black-and-white striped back, dark

centers to undertail coverts. Ad. male has black cheeks, attains black throat

Mar–Apr; imm. and female have pale cheeks, variably washed buff on flanks.

SOUNDS: High, slightly liquid spik, at times in fairly rapid spluttering series.

STATUS: Fairly common to uncommon Sep–Mar on both slopes, locally to

2500m; more widespread in migration, late Jul–Oct, Mar–early May. (Breeds

N America, winters Mexico to nw. S America.)

YELLOW-THROATED WARBLER  Setophaga dominica 12–13cm. Rare winter migrant to open and

semi-open areas with taller trees (especially coconut palms in coastal lowlands, pines in highlands),

woodland edge; often creeps around balconies and lights, seeking insects. Usually solitary, independent of

flocks. Distinctive, with broad black sideburns, white eyebrow and neck patch, long pointed bill. Ages/

sexes similar but imm. female averages dullest, adult male brightest. SOUNDS: Sharp chik, suggests Yellow

Warbler but averages higher, sharper. STATUS: Rare Aug–Mar on both slopes, mainly on Caribbean slope

and in Central Valley, below 1500m. (Breeds e. N America, winters Mexico to Panama.)

MYRTLE [YELLOW-RUMPED] WARBLER  Setophaga coronata 12.5–13.5cm.

Winter migrant to varied open and lightly wooded habitats from scrub and

pastures to dry forest edge, fruiting shrubs. Mainly forages low, often on

ground, but also ranges to canopy; usually independent of mixed flocks. Often

makes fluttering sallies for insects. Note relatively large size, habits, face pattern,

yellow rump (often covered by wings) and variable yellowish patches at sides of

breast; breeding plumage seen rarely in Costa Rica. SOUNDS: Fairly strong sharp

tchek; high sit, mainly in flight. STATUS: Irregular, uncommon to rare Nov–Mar

on both slopes to 1800m; more widespread in migration, Oct–Nov, Mar–early

Apr. (Breeds n. N America, winters US to Cen America.)